| In vitro: |
| Food Chem. 2013 Nov 1;141(1):473-81. | | Vitamin E bioaccessibility: influence of carrier oil type on digestion and release of emulsified α-tocopherol acetate.[Pubmed: 23768382] | Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals due to its antioxidant and non-antioxidant biological activities. The α-tocopherol acetate form is often used in foods and other products due to its high biological activity and chemical stability.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we examined the influence of carrier oil type on the bioaccessibility and molecular form of emulsified vitamin E using a simulated gastrointestinal model. Oil-in-water emulsions containing α-tocopherol acetate were prepared using quillaja saponin as a natural surfactant, and either long chain triacylglycerols (LCT) or medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) as carrier oils. The rate and extent of lipid digestion was higher for MCT- than LCT-emulsions, which was attributed to differences in the water dispersibility of the free fatty acids formed during lipolysis. Conversely, the total bioaccessibility of vitamin E after digestion was higher for LCT- than MCT-emulsions, which was attributed to the greater solubilisation capacity of mixed micelles formed from long chain fatty acids. The conversion of α-tocopherol acetate to α-tocopherol after in vitro digestion was also considerably higher for LCT- than MCT-emulsions, which may impact the subsequent absorption of vitamin E.
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, this research has important implications for the design and fabrication of effective emulsion-based delivery systems for increasing the bioavailability of vitamin E. | | Food Funct. 2015 Jan;6(1):84-97. | | Enhancing vitamin E bioaccessibility: factors impacting solubilization and hydrolysis of α-tocopherol acetate encapsulated in emulsion-based delivery systems.[Pubmed: 25312787] | Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals due to its antioxidant and non-antioxidant biological activities. The α-tocopherol acetate form is often used in foods and other products due to its high biological activity and chemical stability.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we examined the influence of carrier oil type on the bioaccessibility and molecular form of emulsified vitamin E using a simulated gastrointestinal model. Oil-in-water emulsions containing α-tocopherol acetate were prepared using quillaja saponin as a natural surfactant, and either long chain triacylglycerols (LCT) or medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) as carrier oils. The rate and extent of lipid digestion was higher for MCT- than LCT-emulsions, which was attributed to differences in the water dispersibility of the free fatty acids formed during lipolysis. Conversely, the total bioaccessibility of vitamin E after digestion was higher for LCT- than MCT-emulsions, which was attributed to the greater solubilisation capacity of mixed micelles formed from long chain fatty acids. The conversion of α-tocopherol acetate to α-tocopherol after in vitro digestion was also considerably higher for LCT- than MCT-emulsions, which may impact the subsequent absorption of vitamin E.
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, this research has important implications for the design and fabrication of effective emulsion-based delivery systems for increasing the bioavailability of vitamin E. |
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