| Description: |
Pterosin A is a novel activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose homeostasis. Pterosin A has potential anti-diabetic activity, it can significantly reverse the increased serum insulin and insulin resistance (IR) in dexamethasone-IR mice and in db/db mice. |
| Targets: |
ROS | GLUT | AMPK | Akt | p38MAPK | GSK-3 |
| In vitro: |
| Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 22;16(2):2497-516. | | Chemical constituents analysis and antidiabetic activity validation of four fern species from Taiwan.[Pubmed: 25622260] | Pterosins are abundant in ferns, and Pterosin A was considered a novel activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose homeostasis. However, the distribution of pterosins in different species of ferns from various places in Taiwan is currently unclear.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To address this question, the distribution of pterosins, glucose-uptake efficiency, and protective effects of Pterosin A on β-cells were examined. Our results showed that three novel compounds, 13-chloro-spelosin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (3R)-Pterosin D 3-O-β-d-(3'-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (2), and (2R,3R)-Pterosin L 3-O-β-d-(3'-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated for the first time from four fern species (Ceratopteris thalictroides, Hypolepis punctata, Nephrolepis multiflora, and Pteridium revolutum) along with 27 known compounds. We also examined the distribution of these pterosin compounds in the mentioned fern species (except N. multiflora). Although all Pterosin Analogs exhibited the same effects in glucose uptake assays, Pterosin A prevented cell death and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
CONCLUSIONS:
This paper is the first report to provide new insights into the distribution of pterosins in ferns from Taiwan. The potential anti-diabetic activity of these novel phytocompounds warrants further functional studies. |
|
| In vivo: |
| Diabetes. 2013 Feb;62(2):628-38. | | Antidiabetic effects of pterosin A, a small-molecular-weight natural product, on diabetic mouse models.[Pubmed: 23069626 ] | The therapeutic effect of Pterosin A, a small-molecular-weight natural product, on diabetes was investigated. Pterosin A, administered orally for 4 weeks, effectively improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in streptozotocin, high-fat diet-fed, and db/db diabetic mice.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
There were no adverse effects in normal or diabetic mice treated with Pterosin A for 4 weeks. Pterosin A significantly reversed the increased serum insulin and insulin resistance (IR) in dexamethasone-IR mice and in db/db mice. Pterosin A significantly reversed the reduced muscle GLUT-4 translocation and the increased liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl kinase (PEPCK) expression in diabetic mice. Pterosin A also significantly reversed the decreased phosphorylations of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt in muscles of diabetic mice. The decreased AMPK phosphorylation and increased p38 phosphorylation in livers of db/db mice were effectively reversed by Pterosin A. Pterosin A enhanced glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation in cultured human muscle cells. In cultured liver cells, Pterosin A inhibited inducer-enhanced PEPCK expression, triggered the phosphorylations of AMPK, acetyl CoA carboxylase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3, decreased glycogen synthase phosphorylation, and increased the intracellular glycogen level.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings indicate that Pterosin A may be a potential therapeutic option for diabetes. |
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