| In vitro: |
| Oncol Lett . 2018 Nov;16(5):6299-6306. | | Hesperidin exhibits in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and xenograft mice models via inhibition of cell migration and invasion, cell cycle arrest and induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis[Pubmed: 30405765] | | The objective of the present study was to investigate the anticancer properties of hesperidin against human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Its effects on apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion and cell cycle arrest, and its effects on tumor volume and weight were also evaluated in the present study. MTS assay was used to study the cytotoxic effects of the compound on cell viability. Effects on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated by flow cytometry. In vitro wound healing assay and Matrigel assay were performed to study the effects of hesperidin on cell migration and cell invasion, respectively. Hesperidin exerted dose-dependent and time-dependent growth inhibitory effects on cervical cancer cells with IC50 values of 33.5, 23.8 and 17.6 μM, respectively, at 24, 48 and 72 h time intervals. Hesperidin led to early and late apoptosis induction in these cells. Hesperidin-treated cells also led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which exhibited strong dose-dependence. Hesperidin treatment also led to inhibition of cell migration and invasion. |
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| In vivo: |
| Nutrition. 2014 Nov-Dec;30(11-12):1415-22. | | Protective effect of hesperidin in a model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in aged mice.[Pubmed: 25280422] | The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the flavonoid Hesperidin in an animal model of PD induced by 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Aged mice were treated with Hesperidin (50 mg/kg) during 28 d after an intracerebroventricular injection of 6-OHDA. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, the levels of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, total reactive antioxidant potential, dopamine and its levels of metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, was analyzed in the striatum. The behavioral parameters (depressive-like, memory, and locomotor) were measured. This study demonstrated that Hesperidin (50 mg/kg) treatment was effective in preventing memory impairment in the Morris water maze test, as well as, depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Hesperidin attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, total reactive antioxidant potential and the dopamine and its metabolite levels in the striatum of aged mice. 6-OHDA increased reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione reductase activity in the striatum, and these alterations were mitigated by chronic administration of Hesperidin.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated a protective effect of Hesperidin on the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in aged mice, indicating that it could be useful as a therapy for the treatment of PD. | | Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;92(9):717-24. | | Hesperidin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulation of PPARγ and abrogation of oxidative stress and inflammation.[Pubmed: 25079140] | This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Hesperidin against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of CYP of 200 mg/kg body mass, followed by treatment with Hesperidin, orally, at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 11 consecutive days. CYP induced hepatic damage, as evidenced by the significantly elevated levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, serum transaminases, liver lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide. As a consequence, there was reduced glutathione content, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were markedly reduced. In addition, CYP administration induced a considerable downregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Hesperidin, in a dose-dependent manner, rejuvenated the altered markers to an almost normal state.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, Hesperidin showed a potent protective effect against CYP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation leading to hepatotoxicity. The study suggests that Hesperidin exerts its protective effect against CYP-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulation of hepatic PPARγ expression and abrogation of inflammation and oxidative stress. | | Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 May;37(3):907-15. | | Effect of hesperidin and neohesperidin from bittersweet orange (Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia) peel on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcers in rats.[Pubmed: 24691249] | Hesperidin and neohesperidin are the major flavanones isolated from bittersweet orange. It was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, the effects of hesperidin and neohesperidin on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats with a single dose of indomethacin. The effects of pretreatment with hesperidin and neohesperidin were assessed in comparison with omeprazole as reference standard. Ulcer index, gene expression of gastric cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), lipid peroxidation product, malondialdhyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in stomach were measured. Furthermore, gross and histopathological examination was performed.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicated that both hesperidin and neohesperidin significantly aggravated gastric damage caused by indomethacin administration as evidenced by increased ulcer index and histopathological changes of stomach. | | Med Sci Monit . 2018 Dec 17;24:9177-9186. | | Effects of Hesperidin on H₂O₂-Treated Chondrocytes and Cartilage in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model[Pubmed: 30557884] | | BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of hesperidin on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced chondrocytes injury and cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from rat knee joints and treated with hesperidin alone or combined with H₂O₂. Then, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess cell viability. Activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry assay. In addition, gene expression levels were measured for caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), collagen type II (Col2a1), aggrecan, (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To examine the effects on cartilage destruction in vivo, hesperidin or vehicle control were orally administrated in a surgically-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. RESULTS The results indicated that hesperidin pretreatment of chondrocytes reduce H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Hesperidin pretreatment decreased the formation of MDA and intracellular ROS, including chondrocyte apoptosis. Hesperidin also reversed the activity of H₂O₂ on inhibiting the Col2a1, aggrecan, and SOX9 gene expression and increasing the gene expression of caspase 3, IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS, and MMP13. In addition, hesperidin administration markedly attenuated cartilage destruction and reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels in a surgically-induced OA model. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that hesperidin can prevent H₂O₂-induced chondrocytes injury through its antioxidant effects in vitro and reduce cartilage damage in a rat model of OA. |
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