| In vitro: |
| J Surg Res. 2014 Jan;186(1):436-45. | | Inhibition of lung inflammatory responses by bornyl acetate is correlated with regulation of myeloperoxidase activity.[Pubmed: 24120240] | Bornyl acetate is a bicyclic monoterpene present in numerous conifer oils. In this study, we aimed at clarifying the potential anti-inflammatory function and mechanism of bornyl acetate by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury murine model and RAW 264.7 cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with bornyl acetate 1 h before LPS stimulation and cell-free super supernatants were collected to measure cytokine concentrations. To induce acute lung injury, BALB/c mice were injected intranasally with LPS and treated with bornyl acetate 1 h before LPS stimulation. Seven hours after administration, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measuring the cell count and cytokine production. We collected lungs for assaying wet-to-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, and histologic changes. The extent of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB was detected by Western blot.
Our results showed that bornyl acetate downregulated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo; reduced the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF; attenuated the histologic alterations in the lung; decreased the wet-to-dry weight ratio in BALF; and suppressed NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-JunN-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggested that bornyl acetate may be developed as a preventive agent for lung inflammatory diseases. | | Int J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Oct;35(5):484-90. | | Whitening and antioxidant activities of bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from Cryptomeria japonica essential oil.[Pubmed: 23714012 ] | The aim of this study was to investigate the whitening and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica by determining their tyrosinase inhibition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Essential oils of C. japonica leaves were extracted with distilled water, and after condensation of volatile constituents, the condensates were extracted with ethyl acetate. Crude essential oils of C. japonica were divided into six fractions by thin layer chromatography and open column chromatography, and their chemical analysis was performed by GC/MS. Major compounds of fractions were composed of kaurene, bornyl acetate, nezukol, (-)-4-terpineol, δ-cadinene, α-terpineol, γ-eudesmol, α-eudesmol and elemol.
For tyrosinase inhibitory activity using two substrates, l-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), kaurene, bornyl acetate and nezukol were highly effective. In antioxidant activity, (-)-4-terpinenol and δ-cadinene showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity, and bornyl acetate and nezukol indicated extremely high SOD-like activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from C. japonica essential oil, which showed highly active whitening and antioxidant activities, have potential applications in cosmeceutical materials. |
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