| In vitro: |
| Jacobs J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2015 Apr;2(1). | | Engineered Production of Tryprostatins in E. coli through Reconstitution of a Partial ftm Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Aspergillus sp.[Pubmed: 26640821 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Tryprostatin A and B are indole alkaloid-based fungal products that inhibit mammalian cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
They are biosynthetic intermediates of fumitremorgins produced by a complex pathway involving a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (FtmA), a prenyltransferase (FtmB), a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (FtmC), an O-methyltransferase (FtmD), and several additional enzymes. A partial fumitremorgin biosynthetic gene cluster (ftmABCD) from Aspergillus sp. was reconstituted in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells, with or without the co-expression of an Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyltransferase gene (Cv_sfp) from Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968.
CONCLUSIONS:
Several recombinant E. coli strains produced tryprostatin B up to 106 mg/l or tryprostatin A up to 76 mg/l in the fermentation broth under aerobic condition, providing an effective way to prepare those pharmaceutically important natural products biologically. | | Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Apr 15;16(8):4626-51. | | Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies on tryprostatin A, an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein.[Pubmed: 18321710 ] | Tryprostatin A is an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein, consequently a series of structure-activity studies on the cell cycle inhibitory effects of tryprostatin A analogues as potential antitumor antimitotic agents have been carried out.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
These analogues were assayed for their growth inhibition properties and their ability to perturb the cell cycle in tsFT210 cells. SAR studies resulted in the identification of the essential structural features required for cytotoxic activity. The absolute configuration L-Tyr-L-pro in the diketopiperazine ring along with the presence of the 6-methoxy substituent on the indole moiety of 1 was shown to be essential for dual inhibition of topoisomerase II and tubulin polymerization. Biological evaluation also indicated the presence of the 2-isoprenyl moiety on the indole scaffold of 1 was essential for potent inhibition of cell proliferation. Substitution of the indole N(a)-H in 1 with various alkyl or aryl groups, incorporation of various L-amino acids into the diketopiperazine ring in place of L-proline, and substitution of the 6-methoxy group in 1 with other functionality provided active analogues. The nature of the substituents present on the indole N(a)-H or the indole C-2 position influenced the mechanism of action of these analogues. Analogues 68 (IC(50)=10 microM) and 67 (IC(50)=19 microM) were 7-fold and 3.5-fold more potent, respectively, than 1 (IC(50)=68 microM) in the inhibition of the growth of tsFT210 cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Diastereomer-2 of tryprostatin B 8 was a potent inhibitor of the growth of three human carcinoma cell lines: H520 (IC(50)=11.9 microM), MCF-7 (IC(50)=17.0 microM) and PC-3 (IC(50)=11.1 microM) and was equipotent with etoposide, a clinically used anticancer agent. Isothiocyanate analogue 71 and 6-azido analogue 72 were as potent as 1 in the tsFT210 cell proliferation and may be useful tools in labeling BCRP. |
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