| Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Aug;29(5):893-900. |
| Solamargine inhibits migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression and activity.[Pubmed: 25819016] |
Solamargine is a steroidal alkaloid glycoside isolated from Solanum nigrum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of solamargine on tumor migration and invasion in aggressive human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The MTT assay was used to assess the effects of solamargine on the viability of HepG2 cells. Migration and invasion ability of HepG2 cells under solamargine treatment were examined by a wound healing migration assay and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Western blotting assays were used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were analyzed by gelatin zymography assay. Solamargine reduced HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. At 7.5μM solamargine decreased cell viability by less than 20% in HepG2 cells. A wound healing migration assay and Boyden chamber invasion assay showed that solamargine significantly inhibited in vitro migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. At the highest dose, solamargine decreased cell migration and invasion by more than 70% and 72% in HepG2 cells, respectively. Western blotting and gelatin zymography results showed that solamargine reduced expression and function of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, the results showed that solamargine significantly inhibits migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity. |
| An Acad Bras Cienc. 2013 Sep;85(3):903-7. |
| In vitro trypanocidal activity of solamargine and extracts from Solanum palinacanthum and Solanum lycocarpum of Brazilian cerrado.[Pubmed: 24068082] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The present investigation was to evaluate the potential trypanocidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum lycocarpum and the glycoalcaloid, solamargine. S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum fruit powders were submitted to exhaustively extraction with 96% ethanol and solamargine were isolated from the extract of S. palinacanthum. Both extracts and solamargine were analysed for trypanocidal activity by using MTT colorimetric assay. Extracts of S. palinacanthum showed to be more active (IC50 = 175.9 μg.ml-1) than S. lycocarpum (IC50 = 194.7 μg.ml-1). Solamargine presented a strong activity (IC50 = 15.3 μg.ml-1), which can explain the better activity of the both extracts. Benznidazol (IC50 = 9.0 μg.ml-1) is the only drug used to treat Chagas' disease.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings demonstrate for the first time that ethanol extracts obtained from both fruits of S. palinacanthum and S. lycocarpum and also solamargine have a potential anti-trypanosomal activity. |
| Phytochemistry. 1994 Nov;37(4):1007-11. |
| Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of fungal growth.[Pubmed: 7765652] |
Inhibition of mycelium development in Phoma medicaginis and Rhizoctonia solani by solamargine and solasonine generally increased with increasing pH. P. medicaginis was the more susceptible species and solamargine the more potent compound. Solasonine was inactive against R. solani over the tested pH range (5-8). Dose-response curves confirmed these differential effects.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Solamargine caused 50% growth inhibition in P. medicaginis at 60 microM (at pH 7) whereas no other treatment achieved this effect at 100 microM. Combinations of 50 microM of each glycoalkaloid produced synergistic effects against both fungi, especially R. solani which was essentially unaffected by either compound, by significantly inhibited by a 1:1 mixture of the two. The magnitude of the synergism was not affected by a pH change between 6 and 7. Spore germination in Alternaria brassicicola was markedly inhibited by 100 microM solamargine but unaffected by 100 microM solasonine or either compound at 50 microM. In P. medicaginis, neither glycoalkaloid was inhibitory up to 150 microM.
CONCLUSIONS:
In combination, the two compounds caused synergistic effects in both species, but to a much greater extent in A. brassicicola. |
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