| Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Feb;30(2):257-65. Epub 2007 Jul 20. |
| Protection against beta-amyloid induced abnormal synaptic function and cell death by Ginkgolide J.[Pubmed: 17640772] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A new Ginkgo biloba extract P8A (TTL), 70% enriched with terpene trilactones, prevents A beta(1-42) induced inhibition of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices. This neuroprotective effect is attributed in large part to ginkgolide J that completely replicates the effect of the extract. Ginkgolide J is also capable of inhibiting cell death of rodent hippocampal neurons caused by A beta(1-42).
CONCLUSIONS:
This beneficial and multi-faceted mode of action of the ginkgolide makes it a new and promising lead in designing therapies against Alzheimer's disease. |
| Chem Biol Interact. 1997 Oct 24;106(3):183-90. |
| Antioxidative activity of ginkgolides against superoxide in an aprotic environment.[Pubmed: 9413545] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The terpene lactones ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J and bilobalide, which are components of a standardized extract (EGb 761) from leaves of Ginkgo biloba, as well as ginkgolide M from roots of G. biloba were studied regarding their reaction against superoxide (O2-) and hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) in dimethyl sulfoxide as an aprotic solvent. It was found that the ginkgolides B, C, J, M as well as bilobalide react with superoxide and its protonated form as demonstrated by EPR and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The initial reaction rate with these oxygen-derived radicals is in the order of 100 M-1/s and below. Ginkgolide A does not react with superoxide under these conditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
From these findings it can be suggested that the superoxide scavenging effect of the ginkgolides B, C, J, M and bilobalide contributes to the antioxidant properties of G. biloba. |
| Exp Brain Res. 2007 Jun;179(4):665-71. |
| Ginkgolides protect primary cortical neurons from potassium cyanide-induced hypoxic injury.[Pubmed: 17225090 ] |
In this study, we investigated the effects of ginkgolides (ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C and Ginkgolide J), the main constituent of the non-flavone fraction of EGb 761, on hypoxic injury induced by potassium cyanide (KCN) in primary cortical neurons.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The neurons were pretreated with or without ginkgolides for 24 h before incubation with KCN for 4 h. The results demonstrated that KCN (0.05 mmol/l) significantly decreased cell viability and increased LDH release (P < 0.05 versus the control). The characteristic changes of neuronal morphology induced by KCN were observed. However, pretreatment of neurons with 37.5 microg/ml of ginkgolides (ginkgolides + KCN group) led to a significant increase in cell viability, a decrease in LDH release (P < 0.05 versus the KCN group) and a remarkable improvement in cellular morphology in hypoxic neurons compared with the KCN group.
CONCLUSIONS:
The data suggested that ginkgolides have a significant role to protect the primary cortical neurons from hypoxic injury induced by KCN. |
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