| In vitro: |
| Phytochemistry. 2007 Mar;68(5):663-7. | | Acridone and furoquinoline alkaloids from Teclea gerrardii (Rutaceae: Toddalioideae) of southern Africa.[Pubmed: 17174364 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The combined hexane/CH(2)Cl(2) extract of the stem bark of Teclea gerrardii (Rutaceae: Toddalioideae) has yielded two acridone alkaloids, 3-hydroxy-1-methoxy-N-methylacridone (tegerrardin A) (1) and 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-1-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyloxy)acridone (tegerrardin B) (2), three known acridones (3-5), two known furoquinolines (6,7), and the acridone precursor tecleanone (8).
CONCLUSIONS:
Arborinine (3) and Evoxine (6) displayed moderate antiplasmodial activity against the CQS D10 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, with IC(50) values of 12.3 and 24.5 microM, respectively. | | J Biomol Screen. 2016 Apr;21(4):363-71. | | Focused Screening Identifies Evoxine as a Small Molecule That Counteracts CO2-Induced Immune Suppression.[Pubmed: 26701099 ] | Patients with severe lung disease may develop hypercapnia, elevation of the levels of CO2 in the lungs and blood, which is associated with increased risk of death, often from infection.
To identify compounds that ameliorate the adverse effects of hypercapnia, we performed a focused screen of 8832 compounds using a CO2-responsive luciferase reporter in Drosophila S2* cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We found that Evoxine, a plant alkaloid, counteracts the CO2-induced transcriptional suppression of antimicrobial peptides in S2* cells. Strikingly, Evoxine also inhibits hypercapnic suppression of interleukin-6 and the chemokine CCL2 expression in human THP-1 macrophages. Evoxine's effects are selective, since it does not prevent hypercapnic inhibition of phagocytosis by THP-1 cells or CO2-induced activation of AMPK in rat ATII pulmonary epithelial cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggest that hypercapnia suppresses innate immune gene expression by definable pathways that are evolutionarily conserved and demonstrate for the first time that specific CO2 effects can be targeted pharmacologically. |
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