| In vitro: |
| Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Apr;9(4):503-4. | | Clastogenic effect of atranorin, evernic acid, and usnic acid on human lymphocytes.[Pubmed: 24868868] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Three lichen secondary metabolites Atranorin (1), evernic acid (2), and usnic acid (3), were evaluated for their in vitro clastogenic and antiproliferative effects on human lymphocytes using the cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay at concentrations of 2 microg/mL, 4 microg/mL and 6 microg/mL of final culture solution. Atranorin at concentrations of 2 microg/mL and 4 microg/mL decreasing the frequency of MN only for 11.1% and 1.8%, while in concentration of 6 microg/mL increases the frequency of MN for 9.6 %.
CONCLUSIONS:
The comparable CBPI values of the investigated compounds and control suggested that they did not show a statistically significant inhibitory effect on lymphocyte cell proliferation at applied concentrations. | | Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Mar;25(2):462-8. | | Redox properties and cytoprotective actions of atranorin, a lichen secondary metabolite.[Pubmed: 21111802] | Atranorin (ATR) is a lichenic secondary metabolite with potential uses in pharmacology. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory actions have been reported, and the use of Atranorin-enriched lichen extracts in folk medicine is widespread. Nonetheless, very few data on Atranorin biological actions are available.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we evaluated free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potential of Atranorin using various in vitro assays for scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and nitric oxide. The total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) indexes and in vitro lipoperoxidation were also evaluated. Besides, we determined the cytoprotective effect of ATR on H(2)O(2)-challenged SH-SY5Y cells by the MTT assay. Atranorin exerts differential effects towards reactive species production, enhancing hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production and acting as a superoxide scavenger; no activity toward hydroxyl radical production/scavenging was observed. Besides, TRAP/TAR analysis indicated that Atranorin acts as a general antioxidant, although it demonstrated to enhance peroxyl radical-induced lipoperoxidation in vitro. Atranorin was not cytotoxic, and also protected SH-SY5Y cells against H(2)O(2)-induced cell viability impairment.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that Atranorin has a relevant redox-active action, acting as a pro-oxidant or antioxidant agent depending on the radical. Also, it will exert cytoprotective effects on cells under oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2). |
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