| In vitro: |
| Planta Med. 1983 Aug;48(8):253-7. | | Accumulation of quinolizidine alkaloids in plants and cell suspension cultures: genera lupinus, cytisus, baptisia, genista, laburnum, and sophora.[Pubmed: 17404991] | The patterns of quinolizidine alkaloids in cell cultures of 10 species of Fabaceae were analyzed by high-resolution GLC and GLC-MS and compared with the alkaloids present in the leaves of the respective plants.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Lupanine was produced in all 10 cell suspension cultures as the main alkaloid. It was accompanied by sparteine, tetrahydrorhombifoline, 17-oxosparteine, 13-hydroxylupanine, 4-hydroxylupanine, 17-oxolupanine, and 13-hydroxylupanine esters as minor alkaloids in some species. The alkaloid patterns of the plants differed markedly in that alpha-pyridone alkaloids were the major alkaloids in the genera Cytisus, Genista, Laburnum and Sophora but were not accumulated in the cell cultures.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data further support the assumption that the pathway leading to lupanine is the basic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids biosynthesis and that the other alkaloids are derived from lupanine. |
|
| In vivo: |
| Xenobiotica. 1994 Sep;24(9):933-41. | | Disposition of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine in man.[Pubmed: 7810174] |
1. The in vivo disposition of lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine was studied in subjects identified as poor metabolizers (PM, n = 4) and extensive metabolizers (EM, n = 7) phenotypes for cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
2. After oral administration (40.26 mumol), the half-life (t1/2) of lupanine determined from urinary excretion rate studies in EM subjects was 6.2 +/- 0.5 h (mean +/- SEM) with 95.5 +/- 6.0% of the dose recovered unchanged within 72 h. Similarly, in PM subjects t1/2 = 6.5 +/- 0.9 h and recovery 89.9 +/- 4.5%. 3. For orally administered 13-hydroxylupanine (37.83 mumol) the t1/2 in EM subjects was 6.8 +/- 1.0 h with a recovery of 100.5 +/- 5.3%, and in PM subjects t1/2 = 5.9 +/- 1.6 h with a recovery of 102.5 +/- 4.8%. 4. The t1/2s of both lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine respectively did not differ significantly between EM and PM phenotypes. In addition, total recovery of dose for both alkaloids was similar between phenotypes. 5. In most subjects, > 76% of lupanine and > 85% of 13-hydroxylupanine was recovered as the unchanged compound. Significant apparent partial dehydroxylation of 13-hydroxy-lupanine was observed in one EM (14% of dose) and one PM (34% of dose) subject.
CONCLUSIONS:
6. Overall, the finding of a high urinary recovery of unchanged lupanine or 13-hydroxylupanine together with similar t1/2s for both alkaloids in EM and PM CYP2D6 phenotypes suggests that clinical toxicity is unlikely to result from the use of lupin seed in footstuffs. |
|
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