| Description: |
Mitraphylline has antiproliferative effects on human glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines. It also has anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. |
| Targets: |
IL Receptor | TNF-α | NF-kB |
| In vitro: |
| Biotechnol Lett. 2013 May;35(5):791-7. | | Differential alkaloid profile in Uncaria tomentosa micropropagated plantlets and root cultures.[Pubmed: 23296316 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The alkaloids of Uncaria tomentosa micropropagated plantlets and root cultures were isolated and identified by NMR and mass spectrometry. Plantlets yielded pteropodine (1), isopteropodine (2), Mitraphylline (3), isoMitraphylline (4), uncarine F (5), speciophylline (6), rhynchophylline (7) and isorhynchophylline (8). In plantlets growing under continuous light, tetracyclic alkaloids 7 and 8 decreased from 20 ± 1.8 at 2 months to 2.2 ± 0.33 mg/g dry wt at 6 months, while the pentacyclic alkaloids 1-4 increased from 7.7 ± 1.4 to 15 ± 0.05 mg/g dry wt, supporting their biogenetic conversion. Micropropagated plantlets produced four times more alkaloids (27.6 ± 3.1 mg/g dry wt) than greenhouse plants.
CONCLUSIONS:
Plantlet roots yielded 3, 4, 8 and the glucoindole alkaloids 3α-dihydrocadambine (9) and dolichantoside (10), the last one not previously found in Uncaria. |
|
| In vivo: |
| J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 11;143(3):801-4. | | Anti-inflammatory activity of Mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark.[Pubmed: 22846434 ] | Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC. (Rubiaceae) is widely used by populations living in South America to treat many ailments associated with inflammatory disorders. Mitraphylline was shown to be the major pentacyclic oxindolic alkaloid present in the bark chloroformic extract of this plant. Its activity against cytokines involved in inflammation process was tested in a murine model in vivo.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Mice received Mitraphylline once a day for 3 days at 30 mg/kg/day by oral route. Then, they were subjected to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (15 mg/kg) and the LPS-induced production of 16 different cytokines was determined by Elisa multiplex. Control group received dexamethasone orally at 2mg/kg/day. Toxicity on K565 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages, in vitro, at doses up to 100 μM was monitored by XTT-colorimetric assay.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
For the first time Mitraphylline was tested in vivo against a large range of cytokines that play a crucial role in inflammation.
Mitraphylline inhibited around 50% of the release of interleukins 1α, 1β, 17, and TNF-α. This activity was similar to dexamethasone.
It also reduced almost 40% of the production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) while the corticoid did not. Lastly it did not show any toxicity on K565 cells nor murine macrophages at doses up to 100 μM. |
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