羟基柠檬酸钙盐

Description:

HCA-SX has been shown to increase serotonin availability, reduce appetite, increase fat oxidation, improve blood lipid levels, reduce body weight, and modulate a number of obesity regulatory genes without affecting the mitochondrial and nuclear proteins required for normal biochemical and physiological functions.

In vitro:

DNA Cell Biol . 2007 Sep;26(9):627-639.

Transcriptome of primary adipocytes from obese women in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement[Pubmed: 17708719]

Background: Obesity is a global public health problem. Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential in managing obesity. The dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, also known as Malabar tamarind, is a unique source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which exhibits a distinct sour taste and has been safely used for centuries in Southeastern Asia to make meals more filling. Recently it has been demonstrated that when taken orally, a novel, highly soluble calcium/potassium salt of HCA (HCA-SX) is safe and bioavailable in the human plasma. Although HCA-SX seems to be conditionally effective in weight management in experimental animals and in humans, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods: In this study, subcutaneous preadipocytes collected from obese women with body mass index>25 kg/m2 were differentiated to adipocytes for 2 weeks in culture. The effects of low-dose HCA-SX on lipid metabolism and on the adipocyte transcriptome were tested. HCA-SX augmented isoproterenol- and 3-isobutyryl-1-methylxanthine-induced lipolysis. Using oil red O, the production of lipid storage droplets by the cultured mature human adipocytes was visualized and enumerated. Results: HCA-SX caused droplet dispersion facilitating lipase action on the lipids. HCA-SX markedly induced leptin expression in the adipocytes. In the microarray analyses, a total of 54,676 probe sets were screened. HCA-SX resulted in significant down-regulation of 348, and induction of 366 fat- and obesity-related genes. HCA-SX induced transactivation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a novel approach in the management of obesity. Conclusion: Taken together, the net effects support the antilipolytic and antiadipogenic effects of HCA-SX. Further human studies are warranted.

In vivo:

Int J Clin Pharmacol Res . 2005;25(3):133-44

Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control[Pubmed: 16366421]

The weight-loss efficacy of a novel, water-soluble, calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) was re-examined in 90 obese subjects (BMI: 30-50.8 kg/m2). We combined data from two previously reported randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies in order to achieve a better statistical evaluation based on a larger population. This re-examination of data also allowed us to reflect more intensely on various aspects of weight loss studies. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: group A received a daily dose of HCA-SX 4, 667 mg (providing 2,800 mg HCA per day); group B was given a daily dose of a combination of HCA-SX 4,667 mg, niacin-bound chromium (NBC) 4 mg (providing 400 microg elemental chromium), and Gymnema sylvestre extract (GSE) 400 mg (providing 100 mg gymnemic acid); and group C received a placebo in three equally divided doses 30-60 min before each meal. All subjects were provided a 2,000 kcal diet/day and participated in a supervised walking program for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Eighty-two subjects completed the study. At the end of 8 weeks, in group A, both body weight and BMI decreased by 5.4%, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides levels were reduced by 12.9% and 6.9%, respectively, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased by 8.9%, serum leptin levels decreased by 38%, serotonin levels increased by 44.5% and urinary excretion of fat metabolites increased by 32-109%. Group B demonstrated similar beneficial changes, but generally to a greater extent. No significant adverse effects were observed. The combined results confirm that HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX plus NBC and GSE reduce body weight and BMI, suppress appetite, improve blood lipid profiles, increase serum leptin and serotonin levels and increase fat oxidation more than placebo. We conclude that dosage levels, timing of administration, subject compliance and bioavailability of HCA-SX significantly affect results and that when taken as directed, HCA-SX is a highly effective adjunct to healthy weight control.

Toxicol Mech Methods . 2008;18(5):433-442.

Safety of a Novel Calcium/Potassium Salt of Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA-SX): I. Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study[Pubmed: 20020868]

ABSTRACT (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a natural plant extract from the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, has been reported to inhibit fat synthesis and reduce food intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) on the reproductive systems of male and female rats, the postnatal maturation and reproductive capacity of their offspring, and possible cumulative effects through multiple generations. Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/group) were maintained on feed containing HCA-SX at dose levels of 0, 1000, 3000, or 10,000 ppm for 10 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and, for females, through gestation and lactation, across two generations. During the period of study, animals were examined daily for signs of clinical toxicity and their body weight and feed consumption were recorded twice a week. For the parents (F(0) and F(1)) and the offspring (F(1) and F(2a)), reproductive parameters such as fertility and mating, gestation, parturition, litters, lactation, sexual maturity, and development of offspring were assessed. At termination, necropsy and histopathological examinations were performed on all animals. Dietary exposure of HCA-SX to parental male and female rats of both (F(0) and F(1)) the generations during the premating and mating periods, for both sexes, and during gestation and lactation in case of female rats, did not reveal any remarkable incidence of mortality or abnormal clinical signs. Compared to respective controls, HCA-SX exposure did not affect feed consumption or body weight at any of the exposure levels. HCA-SX exposure did not affect reproductive performance as evaluated by sexual maturity, fertility and mating, gestation, parturition, litter properties, lactation, and development of the offspring. Based on the results of this study, the parental as well as the offspring no-observed-adverse-effect level for HCA-SX was determined to be greater than 10,000 ppm in diet or equivalent to 1018 and 1524 mg/kg body weight/day in male and female rats, respectively.

Toxicol Mech Methods . 2006;16(2-3):129-135.

DNA microarray technology in the evaluation of weight management potential of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric Acid[Pubmed: 20021004]

Quality and quantity of diet and nutrients are key factors of human health and disease prevention. Molecular diagnostics and cellular signaling play a fundamental role in the usefulness of novel nutraceuticals and functional foods. Increasing knowledge of the genes and molecules involved in the development of obesity is creating new methods of obesity regulation. Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential in weight management. Botanical dietary supplements often contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals that have additive or synergistic interactions. Evidence from numerous human and animal dietary studies has demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of traditional herbal medicines in controlling obesity. We analyzed the effects of low-dose oral administration of calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) on the body weight and abdominal fat transcriptome in rats. HCA-SX restricted body weight gain in rats and lowered abdominal fat leptin expression. High-density microarray analysis of 9960 genes and ESTs present in the fat tissue identified a small set of specific genes sensitive to dietary HCA-SX. Mitochondrial/nuclear proteins necessary for fundamental support of the tissue were not affected by HCA-SX, further demonstrating its safety. Functional characterization of HCA-SX sensitive genes revealed that up-regulation of genes encoding serotonin receptors represents a distinct effect of HCA-SX on appetite suppression.

Mol Cell Biochem . 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-346.

Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days[Pubmed: 14674714]

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a natural extract from the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia (family Guttiferae), is a popular supplement for weight management. The dried fruit rind has been used for centuries as a condiment in Southeastern Asia to make food more filling and satisfying. A significant number of studies highlight the efficacy of Super CitriMax (HCA-SX, a novel 60% calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia) in weight management. These studies also demonstrate that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, inhibits ATP-citrate lyase (a building block for fat synthesis), and lowers the level of leptin in obese subjects. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity studies have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However, no long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract has been previously assessed. In this study, we have evaluated the dose- and time-dependent effects of HCA-SX in Sprague-Dawley rats on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, liver and testis weight, expressed as such and as a % of body weight and brain weight, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. The animals were treated with 0, 0.2, 2.0 and 5.0% HCA-SX as feed intake and the animals were sacrificed on 30, 60 or 90 days of treatment. The feed and water intake were assessed and correlated with the reduction in body weight. HCA-SX supplementation demonstrated a reduction in body weight in both male and female rats over a period of 90 days as compared to the corresponding control animals. An advancing age-induced marginal increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in both male and female rats as compared to the corresponding control animals. However, no such difference in hepatic DNA fragmentation and testicular lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation was observed. Furthermore, liver and testis weight, expressed as such and as a percentage of body weight and brain weight, at 30, 60 and 90 days of treatment, exhibited no significant difference between the four groups. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment of HCA-SX over a period of 90 days results in a reduction in body weight, but did not cause any changes in hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, or histopathological changes.

Mol Cell Biochem . 2007 Oct;304(1-2):93-99.

Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats[Pubmed: 17503004]

Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) is a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid extracted from the dried fruit rind of the plant Garcinia cambogia, and commonly consumed as weight loss dietary supplement. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HCA-SX on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in developing obese Zucker rats, an animal model of type II diabetes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Male Zucker rats (5-week old) were supplemented with vehicle (control) and HCA-SX in drinking water for 7 weeks. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (DNPH), and protein tyrosine nitration (tyr-NO(2)) were measured in the liver and kidney tissues using biochemical and immunoblotting techniques. Compared to controls, the levels of MDA, DNPH and tyr-NO(2) were lower in the liver and kidney of HCA-SX-treated animals. Furthermore, the levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, markers of inflammation measured by ELISA, were lower in the plasma of HCA-SX-supplemented animals compared to controls, as were levels of fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. Interestingly, insulin resistance did not develop in HCA-SX-supplemented rats. Food-intake and body weight gain was also lower in rats supplemented with HCA-SX compared to their control counterparts. These results suggest that HCA-SX supplementation in obese Zucker rats reduces food-intake, body weight gain, and also attenuates the increases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance observed in untreated animals. Therefore, HCA-SX may be used as an intervention to overcome obesity-related complications, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.

	产品编号	CFN91645
	CAS编号	921226-01-9
	分子式 = 分子量	C₁₂H₁₀Ca₃O₁₆ = 530.4
	产品纯度	>=98%
	物理属性	Powder
	化合物类型	Miscellaneous
	植物来源
ChemFaces的产品在影响因子大于5的优秀和顶级科学期刊中被引用

产品名称	产品编号	CAS编号	包装	QQ客服
羟基柠檬酸钙盐	CFN91645	921226-01-9	1mg	QQ客服：215959384
羟基柠檬酸钙盐	CFN91645	921226-01-9	5mg	QQ客服：215959384
羟基柠檬酸钙盐	CFN91645	921226-01-9	10mg	QQ客服：215959384
羟基柠檬酸钙盐	CFN91645	921226-01-9	20mg	QQ客服：215959384

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	1.8854 mL	9.4268 mL	18.8537 mL	37.7074 mL	47.1342 mL
5 mM	0.3771 mL	1.8854 mL	3.7707 mL	7.5415 mL	9.4268 mL
10 mM	0.1885 mL	0.9427 mL	1.8854 mL	3.7707 mL	4.7134 mL
50 mM	0.0377 mL	0.1885 mL	0.3771 mL	0.7541 mL	0.9427 mL
100 mM	0.0189 mL	0.0943 mL	0.1885 mL	0.3771 mL	0.4713 mL

产品名称	产品编号	CAS编号	分子式 = 分子量	位单	联系QQ
Epiprogoitrin; Epiprogoitrin	CFN00507	21087-74-1	C₁₁H₁₈KNO₁₀S₂ = 427.5	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211
雷公藤酚A; Wilforol A	CFN92083	167882-66-8	C₂₉H₃₈O₅ = 466.6	5mg	QQ客服：215959384
3,23-二氧代-9,19-环羊毛甾-24-烯-26-酸 ; 3,23-Dioxo-9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-26-oic acid	CFN97432	870456-88-5	C₃₀H₄₄O₄ = 468.7	5mg	QQ客服：1457312923
(-)-Holostyligone; (-)-Holostyligone	CFN90734	887501-28-2	C₂₁H₂₄O₅ = 356.41	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211

Hydroxycitric acid Calcium salt

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