| Description: |
Moracin C and D, new phytoalexins from diseased mulberry, are antifungal compounds. Moracin C has potent antibacterial activity, it can inhibit FabI and fatty acid synthesis, it inhibit S. aureus FabI with IC(50) of 83.8 uM. Moracin C has anti-inflammatory effect, it can effectively reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, and serval pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α).Moracin may be protective influence in tumor promotion, utilization of Moracin may open a new avenue in the treatment of tumerigenesis. |
| Targets: |
ROS | NOS | COX | TNF-α | IL Receptor | NO | NF-kB | ERK | JNK | p38MAPK | Antifection | c-Myc |
| In vitro: |
| Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(5):791-5. | | Chalcomoracin and moracin C, new inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from Morus alba.[Pubmed: 22687419 ] | Bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase has been confirmed as a novel target for antibacterial drug development.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the screening of inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI), we found that a methanol extract of leaves of Morus alba L. potently inhibited S. aureus FabI as well as growth of S. aureus. The active principles were identified as chalcomoracin and moracin C by MS and NMR analysis. Chalcomoracin and moracin C inhibited S. aureus FabI with IC(50) of 5.5 and 83.8 µM, respectively. They also prevented the growth of S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. Consistent with their inhibition against FabI and bacterial growth, they prevented (14)C]acetate incorporation into fatty acid in S. aureus while didn't affect protein synthesis.
CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we reported that chalcomoracin and moracin C, potent antibacterial compounds from Morus alba, inhibited FabI and fatty acid synthesis. |
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| In vivo: |
| Annals of Plant Sciences, 2013,2(10):412-9. | | Effect of Moracin on DMBA-TPA induced skin cancer in the mice, Mus musculus (L).[Reference: WebLink] | The phytochemicals serves to orchestrate the healthy metabolism in the animal cells. The efforts in the study were conducted to assess the protective influence of Moracin, the major constituent of leaves of mulberry, Morus alba (L.) on tumor promotion in 7, 12 – dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene (DMBA) – initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) – promoted mouse skin tumerigenesis model.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The acetone solution of Moracin was topically applied to DMBA – initiated female mouse (Mus musculus) skin at the dosage of 2.5 and 5 mg twice per week for sixteen weeks, thirty minutes prior to each promotion treatment with TPA in the first experimental schedule. The significant reduction in tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity effects were evident in the treated group. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) – alpha protein and the level of 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE) in the normal epidermis were significantly reduced in both moracin treated groups. Moracin at the dosage of 5 mg was topically applied to the dorsal surface of mouse skin 30 minutes before application of a TPA in the second effort in the study. And the same dosages of TPA and Moracin were applied twice at the interval of 24 hours. Moracin treatment was found inhibiting the double TPA treatment – induced morphological changes reflecting inflammatory response, including leucocyte infiltration, hyperplasia and cell proliferation.
CONCLUSIONS:
Moracin treatment furthermore significantly suppressed the elevation in 4-HNE level and elevated expression of c-fos, c-myc and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) in normal epidermis induced by double application of TPA. The moracin was found protective influence in tumor promotion. Utilization of Moracin may open a new avenue in the treatment of tumerigenesis. |
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