| Description: |
Polypodine B shows growth-promoting effects on in vitro development of the larval endoparasitoid, Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). |
| In vitro: |
| J Insect Physiol. 2000 Apr;46(4):467-476. | | Growth-promoting effects of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone on in vitro development of the larval endoparasitoid, Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).[Pubmed: 12770211] | We previously reported that lipophorin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) are essential for the development of the larval endoparasitoid Venturia canescens larvae in vitro.
The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal concentrations of those three substances in the MGM-450 medium, and to examine the hormonal effects of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone (JH) on the development of the parasitoid larvae in vitro.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
When the culture was started with embryos at the post-germband stage, concentrations of 3 mg/ml of lipophorin and 20% of FBS were most suitable for the development of the parasitoid. The growth-promoting effect of 20-HE increased in a concentration-dependent manner and peaked at a concentration of 1 &mgr;g/ml. Excess concentration led to malformations of the larvae. Three other ecdysteroids, ecdysone, 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone, and Polypodine B had the same effect, although their activity was lower than that of 20-HE. Cholesterol had no effect; most larvae failed to develop. When the medium was supplemented with JH, the duration of the developmental period was significantly shortened, but this hormone was not found to be essential. |
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| In vivo: |
| J Insect Sci. 2010;10:13. doi: 10.1673/031.010.1301. | | Dietary effects of four phytoecdysteroids on growth and development of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella.[Pubmed: 20575744 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Using pure phytoecdysteroids isolated from Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Silene nutans L. (Caryophyllales: Caryophyllaceae), plants known for their high ecdysteroid content, a study was carried out on the effects of ingestion of four different phytoecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, Polypodine B, ponasterone A and makisterone A) on the growth and development of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae when added at a concentration of 200 ppm in their diet. The experiments clearly showed the susceptibility of P. interpunctella to phytoecdysteroid ingestion. The toxicity of phytoecdysteroids manifested itself by a decrease in larval weight, induction of cannibalism and an increase of mortality, together with disruption of development. The severity of the phytoecdysteroid effect on P. interpunctella depended on the structure of the molecule. The results demonstrate that the minimal structural differences existing between these four phytoecdysteroids significantly affected their toxicity toward P. interpunctella. Makisterone A was the most toxic of the four compounds towards P. interpunctella larvae.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, phytoecdysteroids ingestion evokes disruptive growth effects on P. interpunctella. This work supports a role for phytoecdysteroids in plant defence against phytophagous insects. |
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