| In vitro: |
| Chin J Physiol. 2008 Jun 30;51(3):160-6. | | Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by menthone through nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in HaCat cells.[Pubmed: 18935911] | Menthone, the Chinese old remedy extracted from genus Mentha, has been widely used as a cooling agent, a counterirritant for pain relief, and for the treatment of pruritus. However, its detail mechanisms for interfering inflammatory reaction remain unknown.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we found that menthone can suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity induced by LPS and other inflammatory agents, including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, hydrogen peroxide, okadaic acid, and ceramide. Furthermore, our data also demonstrated that the translocation of NF-kappaB activated by LPS into the nucleus was suppressed by menthone, and I-kappaB and beta-transducin repeat containing protein (beta-TrCP) were both involved in this suppression.
CONCLUSIONS:
To sum up, this study has provided molecular evidence for menthone effect on the LPS-induced cytokine production, NF-kappaB activation, and the involvement of I-kappaB and beta-TrCP. |
|
| In vivo: |
| Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Feb;24(2):191-7. | | Research on choleretic effect of menthol, menthone, pluegone, isomenthone, and limonene in DanShu capsule.[Pubmed: 25499726] | Danshu capsule (DSC) is a medicinal compound in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is commonly used for the treatment of acute & chronic cholecystitis as well as choleithiasis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To study its choleretic effect, healthy rats were randomly divided into DSC high (DSCH, 900mg/kg), medium (DSCM, 450mg/kg), and low (DSCL, 225mg/kg) group, Xiaoyan Lidan tablet (XYLDT, 750mg/kg), and saline group. The bile was collected for 1h after 20-minute stabilization as the base level, and at 1h, 2h, 3h, and 4h after drug administration, respectively. Bile volume, total cholesterol, and total bile acid were measured at each time point. The results revealed that DSC significantly stimulated bile secretion, decreased total cholesterol level and increased total bile acid level. Therefore, it had choleretic effects. To identify the active components contributing to its choleretic effects, five major constituents which are menthol (39.33mg/kg), menthone (18.02mg/kg), isomenthone (8.18mg/kg), pluegone (3.31mg/kg), and limonene (4.39mg/kg) were tested on our rat model. The results showed that menthol and limonene could promote bile secretion when compared to DSC treatment (p > 0.05); Menthol, menthol and limonene could significantly decrease total cholesterol level (p<0.05 or p<0.01) as well as increase total bile acid level (p<0.05 or p<0.01); Isomenthone, as a isomer of menthone, existed slightly choleretic effects; Pluegone had no obvious role in bile acid efflux.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings indicated that the choleretic effects of DSC may be attributed mainly to its three major constituents: menthol, menthone and limonene. |
|
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