| In vitro: |
| Food Science, 2015. | | Antioxidant Effect of Blueberry Malvidin Chloride in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.[Reference: WebLink] | The effect of malvidin chloride(Mv-Cl) extracted from blueberries on the amounts of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and xanthine oxidase-1(XO-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) was investigated to explore the antioxidant potential of the anthocyanin compound.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
HUVECs were in vitro cultured in the presence of Mv-Cl(1, 5 and 10 μmol/L), angiotensinⅡ(Ang II, 10-2 μmol/L) and their combination, respectively. DMSO was used as control. The ROS content in the cells was detected by immunofluorescence. The soluble XO-1 protein content in the cell culture supernatant was detected by ELISA. The protein expression of XO-1 in the cells was assessed by Western blotting. The content of ROS and the protein expression of XO-1 in HUVECs were decreased when treated with low concentration of Mv-Cl. Ang II significantly increased ROS and XO-1 content, and Mv-Cl appeared to specifically down-regulate the production of ROS and XO-1.
CONCLUSIONS:
Malvidin chloride can prevent endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting ROS and XO-1. Therefore, blueberry anthocyanin may be a new inhibitor of ROS and XO-1, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of blueberry anthocyanins to prevent cardiovascular diseases as a functional food or nutraceutical ingredient. | | Nutrition and Cancer, 2011, 63(7):1044-1052. | | Inhibitory Effect of Antioxidant Extracts From Various Potatoes on the Proliferation of Human Colon and Liver Cancer Cells.[Reference: WebLink] | Antioxidant extracts from 5 potato lines were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenolics, chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin content, and in vitro anticancer capacity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Analysis showed that Mexican wild species S. pinnatisectum had the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and chlorogenic acid content. The proliferation of colon cancer and liver cancer cells was significantly inhibited by potato antioxidant extracts. The highest antiproliferative activity was observed in extracts of S. pinnatisectum and the lowest in Northstar. An inverse correlation was found between total phenolics and the EC50 of colon cancer cell (R2 = 0.9303), as well as liver cancer cell proliferation (R2 = 0.8992). The relationship between antioxidant activity and EC50 of colon cancer/liver cancer cell proliferation was significant (R2 = 0.8144; R2 = 0.956, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS:
A significant difference in inhibition of cancer cells (P < 0.01) existed between the 3 polyphenols: chlorogenic acid, pelargonidin chloride, and malvidin chloride, suggesting that chlorogenic acid was a critical factor in the antiproliferation of colon cancer and liver cancer cells. |
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| In vivo: |
| International Journal of Andrology, 1990, 13(3):207-215. | | Anti-spermatogenic activity of malvidin chloride in langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne).[Reference: WebLink] | Malvidin chloride (MC) a colouring agent from flowers of Malvaviscus conzattii Greenum was studied for male anti-fertility effects in adult langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
When fed 50 mg MC kg-1 for a period of 60 days, inhibition of spermatogenesis resulted. The weights of testes and epididymides were reduced and there was atrophy of the Leydig cells. In the epididymis, epithelial cell heights were reduced after MC-treatment. Conspicuous shrinkage of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cell nuclei were evident. Depletion of total proteins, RNA, sialic acid, alkaline/acid phosphatase activity in testes and epididymides with the elevation of testicular levels of cholesterol and glycogen also occurred. Blood/serum analysis and haematology of MC-treated langur monkeys revealed that all of the clinically important parameters were well within the normal range.
The slightly increased bilirubin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity returned to normal range within 30 days of the last dose of MC. The anti-spermatogenic activity of MC in langur monkeys is discussed. |
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