| Description: |
Hordenine is an inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake, is also an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. It can inhibit melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP production, which is involved in the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. Hordenine also has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements. |
| Targets: |
cAMP | TRPV | MAO |
| In vitro: |
| Food Chem. 2013 Nov 1;141(1):174-81. | | Hordenine, a single compound produced during barley germination, inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes.[Pubmed: 23768344] | Melanin plays an important role protecting skin against ultraviolet light injury. However, increased production and accumulation of melanin results in a large number of skin disorders.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we identified hordenine as an active compound from germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and investigated the effects of hordenine on melanogenesis and its mechanisms of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We measured melanin content, tyrosinase activity, expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, and cAMP production. Melanin content was significantly inhibited by hordenine. The intracellular cAMP level was also reduced by hordenine. In addition, expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), an upstream transcription factor of tyrosinase as well as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, was inhibited by hordenine.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, these results show that hordenine inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP production, which is involved in the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins and suggest that hordenine may be an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. |
|
| In vivo: |
| Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1995 Jun;102(6):228-32. | | [Pharmacological effects of hordenine].[Pubmed: 8582256] | Hordenine is an ingredient of some plants which are used as feed for animals, i.e. in sprouting barley. After ingestion of such feed hordenine may be detected in blood or urine of horses which in case of racing horses may be the facts of using prohibited compounds.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Results of some experiments in pharmacological models show that hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. It liberates norepinephrine from stores. In isolated organs and those structures with reduced epinephrine contents the hordenine-effect is only very poor. Experiments in intact animals (rats, dogs) show that hordenine has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements but has no effect upon the psychomotorical behaviour of mice.
CONCLUSIONS:
All effects are short and only possible after high doses which are not to be expected after ingestion of hordenine containing feed for horses. A measurable increase of the performance of racing horses is quite improbable. |
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