Clivorine

	产品编号	CFN00355
	CAS编号	33979-15-6
	分子式 = 分子量	C₂₁H₂₇NO₇ = 405.45
	产品纯度	>=98%
	物理属性	Powder
	化合物类型	Alkaloids
	植物来源	The herbs of Ligularia hodgsonii Hook.
ChemFaces的产品在影响因子大于5的优秀和顶级科学期刊中被引用

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产品名称	产品编号	CAS编号	包装	QQ客服
Clivorine	CFN00355	33979-15-6	1mg	QQ客服：2159513211
Clivorine	CFN00355	33979-15-6	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211
Clivorine	CFN00355	33979-15-6	10mg	QQ客服：2159513211
Clivorine	CFN00355	33979-15-6	20mg	QQ客服：2159513211

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Description:

Clivorine itself has direct toxicity on HEK293 cells, and phosphorylated JNK may play some role in counteracting the toxicity of Clivorine on HEK293 cells. It has anti-proliferative function in L-02 cells may be due to its inducing cell apoptosis with independent of p53 protein. Clivorine induces hepatotoxicity and acute liver injury, which can be protected by quercetin, trolox and epidermal growth factor via inhibiting apoptotic cell death and ameliorating oxidative stress injury.

Targets:

EGFR | Caspase | JNK | ERK

In vitro:

Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Apr;29(4):303-9.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine induced oxidative injury on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.[Pubmed: 20144959]

Clivorine is an otonecine-type hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (HPAs), to which humans are exposed when consuming herbs containing such components. In the present study, we investigated Clivorine-induced oxidative stress injury on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Rat hepatocytes were treated with various concentrations of Clivorine (1-100 microM) for 48 hours, and then cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The results of MTT assay showed that Clivorine decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Clivorine also increased LPO amounts in rat hepatocytes at the concentrations of 50 microM and 100 microM. Further results showed that Clivorine decreased GPx, GST and GR activities, which are all reduced glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant enzymes. CAT and SOD are both important antioxidant enzymes, and the results showed that Clivorine increased CAT activity at the low concentration of 5 muM and decreased cellular SOD activity at all concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, our results demonstrated that Clivorine induced toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes by causing the damage on cellular redox balance.

Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008 Jun;60(1):87-93.

The toxic effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine on the human embryonic kidney 293 cells and its primary mechanism.[Pubmed: 18249102]

Clivorine is an otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Ligularia hodgsonii Hook., and our previous reports have shown its toxicity on human normal liver L-02 cells. It is generally believed that biotransformation of PAs to its metabolites is required for their toxicity; thus, there is nearly no report about the toxicity of Clivorine on other non-hepatic cells in vitro.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The aim of this study is to observe the toxicity of Clivorine on the non-hepatic human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell that is of epithelial origin, and its primary mechanism. Our results showed that Clivorine significantly reduced HEK293 cell viability, but there was no detectable apoptotic DNA ladder and cleaved fragments of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in Clivorine-treated cells, which indicates the toxicity of Clivorine is not due to inducing apoptosis. The results of western blot showed that Clivorine induced sustained p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly augmented the toxicity of Clivorine.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that Clivorine itself has direct toxicity on HEK293 cells, and phosphorylated JNK may play some role in counteracting the toxicity of Clivorine on HEK293 cells.

In vivo:

PLoS One. 2014 Jun 6;9(6):e98970.

Quercetin prevents pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced liver injury in mice by elevating body defense capacity.[Pubmed: 24905073 ]

Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in nature. The present study is designed to analyze the underlying mechanism in the protection of quercetin against pyrrolizidine alkaloid Clivorine-induced acute liver injury in vivo.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Serum transaminases, total bilirubin analysis, and liver histological evaluation demonstrated the protection of quercetin against Clivorine-induced liver injury. Terminal dUTP nick end-labeling assay demonstrated that quercetin reduced the increased amount of liver apoptotic cells induced by Clivorine. Western-blot analysis of caspase-3 showed that quercetin inhibited the cleaved activation of caspase-3 induced by Clivorine. Results also showed that quercetin reduced the increase in liver glutathione and lipid peroxidative product malondialdehyde induced by Clivorine. Quercetin reduced the enhanced liver immunohistochemical staining for 4-hydroxynonenal induced by Clivorine. Results of the Mouse Stress and Toxicity PathwayFinder RT2 Profiler PCR Array demonstrated that the expression of genes related with oxidative or metabolic stress and heat shock was obviously altered after quercetin treatment. Some of the alterations were confirmed by real-time PCR.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results demonstrated that quercetin prevents Clivorine-induced acute liver injury in vivo by inhibiting apoptotic cell death and ameliorating oxidative stress injury. This protection may be caused by the elevation of the body defense capacity induced by quercetin.

产品名称	产品编号	CAS编号	分子式 = 分子量	位单	联系QQ
18-Hydroxyspartioidine; 18-Hydroxyspartioidine	CFN00478	N/A	C₁₈H₂₃NO₆ = 349.4	5mg	QQ客服：3257982914
克氏千里光碱; Senkirkine	CFN00424	2318-18-5	C₁₉H₂₇NO₆ = 365.42	5mg	QQ客服：1413575084
千里光非灵N-氧化物; Seneciphylline N-oxide	CFN98618	38710-26-8	C₁₈H₂₃NO₆ = 349.4	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211
千里光非灵; Seneciphylline	CFN98747	480-81-9	C₁₈H₂₃NO₅ = 333.4	5mg	QQ客服：1413575084
猪屎豆叶碱; Crotafoline	CFN00363	38494-87-0	C₁₈H₂₅NO₆ = 351.40	5mg	QQ客服：215959384
橐吾碱; Ligularine	CFN00378	34429-54-4	C₁₉H₂₇NO₇ = 381.4	5mg	QQ客服：1413575084
菘蓝千里光碱; Isatidine	CFN00408	15503-86-3	C₁₈H₂₅NO₇ = 367.40	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211
千里光宁氧化物; Senecionine N-oxide	CFN00418	13268-67-2	C₁₈H₂₅NO₆ = 351.17	5mg	QQ客服：2056216494
菊三七碱乙; Seneciphyllinine	CFN00420	90341-45-0	C₂₀H₂₅NO₆ = 375.42	5mg	QQ客服：1413575084
黄樟素; Riddelline	CFN00421	23246-96-0	C₁₈H₂₃NO₆ = 349.38	5mg	QQ客服：2159513211

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	2.4664 mL	12.332 mL	24.664 mL	49.3279 mL	61.6599 mL
5 mM	0.4933 mL	2.4664 mL	4.9328 mL	9.8656 mL	12.332 mL
10 mM	0.2466 mL	1.2332 mL	2.4664 mL	4.9328 mL	6.166 mL
50 mM	0.0493 mL	0.2466 mL	0.4933 mL	0.9866 mL	1.2332 mL
100 mM	0.0247 mL	0.1233 mL	0.2466 mL	0.4933 mL	0.6166 mL

Clivorine

Clivorine

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